UK-Based Gulnaz Mahboob On the Healing Power of Calligraphy
New Age Islam News Bureau
22
August 2020
• Gulf Women Entrepreneurs Overcome Pandemic Hurdle
•
Ohud bint Abdullah Al Fares, Saudi Woman Educator Named to Oversee
Distance-Learning
•
Khor Fakkan Girl Takes Sheikha Fatima Award To The East Coast Of UAE
•
Pakistan- First Woman MPA From Khyber Gets Membership Of 6 KP Assembly
Committees
•
Muslim Family on Trial for Shaving Girl’s Head Over Her Christian-Serbian
Boyfriend
•
British Schoolgirl, 16, Who Fled To Join ISIS With Her Twin Sister Is Moved To
A High-Security
Compiled
by New Age Islam News Bureau
URL: https://www.newageislam.com/islam-women-feminism/uk-based-gulnaz-mahboob-healing/d/122692
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UK-Based
Gulnaz Mahboob On the Healing Power Of Calligraphy
MATT
ROSS
August
20, 2020
UK-Based
Gulnaz Mahboob On the Healing Power of Calligraphy
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LONDON:
Gulnaz Mahboob’s search for a calligraphy master saw her land in Istanbul with
“a clean palette,” she says. “I had no knowledge of the science behind it or
who the masters were. I knew that I wanted to reconnect with my creative side,
but I didn’t know how, where, or who to go to.”
The
UK-based calligrapher and teacher traveled to Turkey in 2005. She had
previously gone to Malaysia, thinking that she may be able to work there and
register on art courses, but she soon learned that Istanbul was where she
needed to be.
“Although
Islamic calligraphy originated from the Arab world, many are now going to
Istanbul because that’s where a lot of the masters are,” Mahboob tells Arab
News. “They’ve perfected calligraphy to such an extent, and the standard is
very high. Istanbul has become a hotspot for calligraphers.”
Having
worked as a consultant for an engineering firm and later as a project
consultant for the London Borough of Camden, Mahboob felt her life was missing
something — a creative and artistic outlet that her work in London wasn’t
providing.
“I
needed to realign something inside. I was out of balance,” she recalls. “I felt
a void that needed attention, because I wasn't quite fitting into the
environments I was in. (I changed jobs) but the void was still there. I decided
to take time off work and I had enough savings. It was a calculated risk — I
knew that I could go for a certain period of time, to reconnect with my
creative side, which I’d left behind a long time ago.”
Mahboob’s
search took her to calligraphy master Hasan Çelebi, who agreed to take her on
as his student. For Mahboob, her connection with Çelebi was about more than
just his Islamic calligraphy skill.
“I
was interested in what formula he had,” she explains. “It was clearly working
for him because he was just completely at ease and at peace. So not only was I
learning (calligraphy) from him, but I was asking him questions about his
personal life: How he worked, when was the best time to practice, and so on.”
Mahboob
returned to London after eight months, and then spent the next few years
between the two cities. In 2009, she moved to Istanbul to immerse herself in
her studies before being granted her license (ijazah) in 2012, which allowed
her to sign her work and authorized her to begin teaching her own students.
During her studies, and as her calligraphy skills improved, she noticed changes
within herself.
“Through
the learning process, aspects were unfolding about the calligraphy, about
myself, about my personality, just through writing these letters,” she says.
“It’s a very honest art and it reflects you. And (so I learned that) there were
traits I had to change if I wanted to move forward, traits that I could hide before,
but that I couldn't with calligraphy.
“You
cannot write calligraphy the night before — your teacher will see that,” she
continues. “I can write an essay last minute, but I can’t do that with
lettering. That mindset and that preparation, everything had changed for me —
even in terms of how we learn. We’re so accustomed to questioning everything in
the Western education system. But here, you go at your teacher’s pace. If he
feels you can progress, you move on. But you don’t move on until he's
authorized it. There was an etiquette to follow — what we call ‘adeb.’”
Mahboob
felt she was developing a sense of clarity thanks to her studies and her
ongoing relationship with Çelebi. Her time back in the UK only emphasized how
much she was learning about calligraphy, and about herself.
“When
I would come back to London, the energy was different from when I was in
Istanbul, I would see stark differences. (In Istanbul) I had this opportunity
to immerse myself in an artistic community. I spent hours with Hasan, just watching
him making the most incredible corrections. I saw a lot of his personality come
through, and I learned a lot about teaching methods. All of this was
unraveling, and I just felt I was becoming a clearer person, a calmer person,
maybe even a serene person.”
Mahboob
has subsequently undertaken her own research, reading up on neurological
studies that explore how the use of the hands can shape the behavior of the
brain.
“Working
with your hands and using your senses — you’re using your eyes to see the beautiful
letters, you’re writing them, you’re listening to the Qur’an sometimes — it
means you’re connecting the mind, the heart and the soul. When you write, you
feel the rhythm of the letter, and that’s very important, as your writing will
flow. This, and accuracy, is what brings fluency to your hand. If there is no
fluency, it will surface in your work.”
Mahboob
currently works with the Thuluth and Naskh scripts and teaches students in
London, privately or at the Yunus Emre Institute and the Prince’s Foundation of
Traditional Arts. Her relationship with Çelebi is a lifelong one, and to uphold
that centuries-old tradition is very important to her.
“You're
connected with this transmission of knowledge from one master to the next
generation,” she says. “You're transmitting this knowledge to your students and
then they become part of this link, this chain, that dates back 10 centuries.
I'm trying to continue that.”
The
example Çelebi set for Mahboob is one that she strives to emulate as well.
“The
patience that he has with the students is something that I try to pass on. I’m
honoring his teaching by trying to do the best that I can. When I'm teaching, I
understand and appreciate the stamina he had at 70! I keep my sessions short
because I know that it's quite tough, but Hasan would sit for three or four
hours without a break! He has this certainty and concentration, and he was
always dedicated to his teaching. Sometimes you'll see calligraphers write
fast, but I've never seen him write fast in all the years I’ve known him. He's
had the same consistency, the same speed all the way through.”
When
she teaches students, Mahboob is also keen to show them the therapeutic power
of calligraphy – much as her master did for her.
“It
can improve your wellbeing, should you want it to — you need to want it to, and
you need love as well,” she explains. “That is crucial. It's interesting
because a lot of my students come from similar backgrounds as myself. I can
relate to them. They're professionals and they need some kind of break, or
they're looking for a creative outlet. I can understand that.”
Though
she has become acknowledged around the world for her work, and in her own
right, Mahboob maintains a sense of deference to her master. And she hopes to
offer a taste of what calligraphy has given her to the next generation.
“There
will be difficulties, of course. Sometimes it just doesn't flow correctly. You
have frustrations, and you learn to deal with the challenges. But what is
achieved at the end is wonderful. And I think that's what I hope to share. I'm
not at the level of my master — there's no way I'm at that level, but I hope I
can give students a glimpse into some of his teachings in my short eight-week
courses.
“It
takes discipline though, and it can need significant changes in your life to
incorporate calligraphy, if you're working a full-time job for example.
Sometimes living in London seems to suck more energy out of you than other,
calmer places. It's busy, it's hectic — I can understand that. But for those
who have managed to incorporate the practice of calligraphy, they have found
the benefits of just being peaceful. To have that solace. And it's good.”
https://www.arabnews.com/node/1722031/lifestyle
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Gulf
Women Entrepreneurs Overcome Pandemic Hurdle
By
SEBASTIAN CASTELIER
AUGUST
21, 2020
Emirati
entrepreneur Nooran Al Bannay steered her newly-opened Coffee Architecture in
Abu Dhabi through the height of the Covid-19 pandemic. Photo: Courtesy of Al
Bannay
-----
The
closure of Coffee Architecture at the height of the Covid-19 pandemic was “a
very hard time” for Nooran Al Bannay, the founder of the company and a rare
Emirati barista.
The
Abu Dhabi-based coffee shop, open since 2018, could survive the crisis by
cutting down on costs and allocating last year’s profits to pay salaries.
But
in any event, Al Bannay could not afford to go bankrupt. The entrepreneur had
already overcome major hurdles to convince her family members of her path, as
it is frowned upon for Emirati women to work in the customer service field.
“Serving
coffee to people makes me happy; this is my passion,” she said.
“It
was a lot of arguments! But I was patient to change their minds and pursue my
dream,” Al Bannay told Asia Times.
AT
Premium
Like
her, a growing number of Gulf women took the plunge and set up their businesses
in recent years as female entrepreneurship gained momentum, stimulated by new
legal amendments and a better acceptance at the society level.
Saudi
Arabia has sought to place itself at the forefront of that change, launching an
economic and social reforms project aimed at increasing women’s participation
in the workforce by a third within the decade.
“This
has paved the way for women to take their chance. Still, I think it will take
some time before we can see something coming out of Saudi,” said Issam
Altawari, a Kuwaiti financial practitioner.
A
2019 Mastercard study reported less than 2% of business owners in Saudi Arabia
are women as they “encounter more constraints such as cultural bias where they
are less accepted and regarded as being equal in business.”
Male-dominated
networks
In
Oman, the Covid-19 crisis hit when full-scale operations had just begun at the
fish processing plant launched last year by female Omani entrepreneur Farha Al
Kindi, following a decades-long career at the Ministry of Agriculture and
Fisheries.
“We
could not believe what was happening; it was a big shock. We had to close the
plant for four weeks,” the founder of Sea Delight told Asia Times.
As
Oman banned movement between governorates to contain the spread of the virus,
Al Kindi was unable to serve customers or even to access her plant in Al
Masnaah.
To
preserve cash flow, the entrepreneur who already made her mark in the
male-dominated seafood industry, reached an agreement with suppliers: raw
products will be paid on credit. Before production can return to early 2020
levels – about one ton of ready-to-eat fish products per month – financial
issues will need to be addressed.
“I
would put my bets more on female entrepreneurs to survive the crisis,” Altawari
told Asia Times, convinced businesswomen are often more combative and resilient
than their male counterparts.
Still,
risks of bankruptcies are at an all-time high and roughly half of startups
surveyed in June across the region worried about running out of cash.
Although
Gulf governments promote women’s economic inclusion, no Covid-19-related
financial support directed explicitly towards women entrepreneurs has been announced.
Furthermore, male and female-led SMEs interviewed by Asia Times said fiscal
stimulus packages are insufficient to support Gulf non-oil economies.
The
appetite of banks for lending to struggling businesses is also expected to dry
up – even before the pandemic, bank credit to SMEs in the Gulf region was
already the lowest in the world. Because of this, entrepreneurs often turn to
self-financing, private investors or venture capital, a form of private equity
investment for high-growth businesses.
“As
venture capital investors, we have to be proactive in sourcing and backing
female founders,” said Tala Al Jabri, a partner at HOF Capital, a global
technology investment firm with offices in New York City, San Francisco and the
Middle East. At a global level, over a third of companies supported by HOF
Capital have female founders.
The
Saudi venture capitalist said more female investors are needed as women
entrepreneurs are often made vulnerable in fundraising processes because “the
network of financiers tend to be more male-dominated”.
According
to a report published by Harvard Business Review, strong gender bias in the
venture capital industry tends to “influence decision-making” and eventually
fail women entrepreneurs.
Think
different
“More
than 1,400 years ago, there was no resistance towards Arab women being
entrepreneurs. The first wife of Prophet Muhammad himself was a successful
businesswoman” said Altawari, who believes the Covid-19 crisis is a unique
occasion to recognize the place that women deserve in Gulf economies.
Better
educated than men – in Qatar, for example, about 67% of higher education
graduates are women – Gulf female entrepreneurs are well positioned to disrupt
industries and digitalize old-school business models.
In
Saudi Arabia, the CEO and founder of the Jeddah-based workshop provider
Workshop X turned constraints caused by the pandemic into a unique opportunity
to pivot the business model from in-person to online training.
“It
was a great idea, our revenues and the number of attendees tripled!” Noor
Marzoky told Asia Times.
Moreover,
as the company shifted online, many of the regulations on workshop providers
were lifted – in Saudi Arabia, workshops that physically host more than 25
participants have to be approved beforehand.
Marzoky
believes “it is the time” for Saudi female entrepreneurs to seize
opportunities, yet, she acknowledged the market is still hesitant to trust a
young woman. “You have to work triple what a man has to work,” she said.
A
situation that leaves many wondering where to start.
“When
I talk to young Emirati ladies who come to the coffee shop, I can see a lot of
dreams in their eyes, but they always ask me, how did I discover my passion,”
Al Bannay said. The Emirati barista calls on women entrepreneurs to focus on
innovative business ideas rather than copy-pasting existing concepts.
Experts
have long called for reforming education systems in the Gulf to develop
critical thinking among the youth. According to the World Bank, “teaching
methodologies remain teacher-centered,” mirroring top-down centered Gulf
societies.
Innovation‐driven
education systems are vital to diversifying Gulf economies beyond oil and gas
revenues, but would creative individuals go one step further and question
governance systems? Authoritarian Gulf rulers might wonder.
https://asiatimes.com/2020/08/gulf-women-entrepreneurs-overcoming-challenge/
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Ohud
bint Abdullah Al Fares, Saudi Woman Educator Named to Oversee Distance-Learning
August
21, 2020
Ramadan
Al Sherbini
Dr
Ohud Al Fares has been appointed as supervisor of Saudi Arabia's
distance-learning directorate.
Image
Credit: Okaz
-----
Cairo:
Saudi education Minister Hamad bin Mohammed Al Sheikh has appointed Ohud bint
Abdullah Al Fares as a supervisor of the country’s distance-learning
directorate, local media reported Friday.
The
ministerial decree comes days after Al Sheikh announced that the first seven
weeks of the new school year, starting on August 30, will depend on
distance-learning programmes as part of the kingdom’s efforts to stem the
spread of the new coronavirus.
Ohud
has a doctoral degree in computer science and information from Britain’s Brunel
University.
She
expressed happiness over the appointment, citing its timing.
“I
thank the education minister for his confidence by granting me supervision of
electronic education and distance-learning at this crucial stage of developing
electronic educational tools and strategies,” she said in media remarks.
Ohud
added that the Education Ministry has employed e-education as a sustainable
option leading to the creation of an e-education directorate linked to the
ministry.
“Despite
the great challenges facing e-education in the world as a result of the global
coronavirus pandemic, the kingdom with unlimited support from its wise
leadership and related bodies has succeeded in assimilating these circumstances
and providing distance- learning opportunities for all,” she added. Ohud served
as dean of computer science and information at the Princess Nourah Bint
Abdulrahman University in Riyadh.
She
also acted as the deputy dean of e-education and distance- learning at the King
Saud University.
In
recent years, Saudi Arabia has endeavoured to enhance women’s empowerment.
In
2018, the kingdom allowed women to drive for the first time in its history, as
part of wide social and economic reforms championed by young Crown Prince
Mohammad Bin Salman.
Saudi
authorities have also allowed women to travel without a male guard’s approval
and to apply for a passport, easing long-time controls on them.
In
February 2019, Princess Reema Bint Bandar was appointed as the first female
Saudi ambassador to the US.
https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/saudi/saudi-woman-educator-named-to-oversee-distance-learning-1.73330270
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Khor
Fakkan girl takes Sheikha Fatima Award to the East Coast of UAE
Nandini
Sircar
August
21, 2020
Dania
said her disciplined approach enabled her to bag the award.
Sixteen-year-old
Dania Hassan has become the only student from the eastern region of the UAE to
be honoured with 'Her Highness Sheikha Fatima Bint Mubarak Award for
Excellence'.
She
was lauded for her outstanding academic performance, leadership skills and
contribution to social, environmental and global citizenship.
"I
started working towards the award criteria almost a year ago. Getting rewarded
for academic and co-curricular excellence is both inspirational and
motivational. Reading and hearing about other students who've received this
prestigious award before me also inspired me to aim and work towards it,"
said the class 11 student of Gems Winchester School, Fujairah.
"But
irrespective of the award, I've always believed in having a holistic approach
towards everything," she added.
Dania
said her disciplined approach enabled her to bag the award. "I am a
sportsperson and love playing netball. I've continuously participated in
various school initiatives and charity works that I genuinely like doing and is
close to my heart. I have been part of beach cleaning sessions and have
volunteered in other philanthropic activities raising funds for the
underprivileged. The proceeds were sent to the Emirates Red Crescent (ERC).
It's something that you do over the years, in a sustained manner, that
ultimately pays off.
"Sheikha
Fatima is a legendary figure and an inspiration for all women. Today, women are
coming up in every sphere of life, it is important to recognise their
achievements, leading to future potential and that's exactly what this award
does."
Dania's
father Dr Syed Hassan underlines how young people are the trailblazers of
tomorrow and how a little bit of direction enables them to reach greater
heights. "Her teachers inspired her to unlock her full potential to think
and collaborate to make the world a better place. Right from the beginning,
Dania has been a disciplined child who believes in utilising her time to an
optimum level.
"Her
gold medal and certificate is still due because of the Covid-19 situation and
we are looking forward to that momentous day," added the Khorfakkan
resident.
The
Sheikha Fatima Award for Excellence was established by Gems Education in 2005
and highlights Sheikha Fatima Bint Mubarak's role as Mother of the Nation, and
her vision to celebrate and support women's achievements and
self-determination. The award includes a scholarship covering a year's tuition
fee for a winner at each Gems school.
https://www.khaleejtimes.com/news/education/GCSE-results-UAE-schools-happy-amid-grading-chaos--
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Pakistan-
First woman MPA from Khyber gets membership of 6 KP Assembly committees
8/20/2020
(MENAFN
- Tribal News Network) PESHAWAR: Baseerat Khan Shinwari, the first woman Member
of KP Assembly from Khyber tribal district associated with the Al-Haaj Karavan,
which has joined the Balochistan Awami Party (BAP), has been elected member of
six standing committees of the provincial assembly.
Baseerat
Shinwari has got membership of the standing committees of the KP Assembly on
Information and Public Relations, Local Government and Rural Development,
Population Welfare, Zakat and Ushr and Women Development, Science and
Technology and House and Library. Baseerat Shinwari will now attend meetings of
all these committees and raise issues of her constituency and rest of tribal
districts.
Hailing
from Shinwari tribe in Landikotal, Khyber tribal district, Baseerat has done
Master''s in International Relations and Political Science. She said in a
recent interview with TNN that merger of erstwhile Fata with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
was a huge development because it paved the way for first ever provincial
elections in tribal districts and more tribal representatives entered the
Assembly to raise voice for the rights of people.
Ms
Baseerat said her party needed an educated woman who can speak for her people.
She said politicians doesn''t necessarily benefit the people financially, but
they can change lives with positive legislation .
The
BAP MPA said she initially thought that politics will be a difficult choice,
but now her success story has inspired many girls in tribal districts who have
rejoined education and want to follow her footsteps.
Baseerat
Khan acknowledged that people''s expectations are very high, but many things
are not under her control. She said a lot has to be done in merged districts as
people are deprived of basic rights. She said she is currently focusing more on
providing facilities in health and education sector. She said she is also
holding meetings with donors to arrange sessions for tribal women to create
political awareness among them.
The
woman lawmaker said the shortage of schools in tribal districts is the main
reason behind low literacy rate. She said she also wants to bring more women in
tribal districts in sports as there is a lot of talent in these areas.
Baseerat
said her experience in the KP Assembly is good and women lawmakers are facing
no problems as such.
https://menafn.com/1100671250/Pakistan-First-woman-MPA-from-Khyber-gets-membership-of-6-KP-Assembly-committees
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Muslim
Family On Trial For Shaving Girl’s Head Over Her Christian-Serbian Boyfriend
AFP
-August 21, 2020
STRASBOURG:
The parents, uncle and aunt of a teenager of Bosnian-Muslim origin will face
trial in France on charges of violence against a minor for shaving her head
over her relationship with a Christian-Serbian boy, prosecutors said Friday.
The
girl had her hair shaven off and was also beaten in the eastern city of
Besançon on Monday, judicial sources said.
“Shaved
and beaten because she ‘loved a Christian’. Deeply shocked by this act of
torture on this 17-year-old girl,” French Interior Minister Gerald Darmanin
wrote on Twitter.
“This
barbarity calls for the most severe punishment,” he added.
Police
detained the two parents as well as the uncle and the aunt. They were released
under judicial control but are banned from contacting the girl, who has been
placed under protection. They are not aware of her whereabouts.
They
will be tried for “violence against minors”, deputy prosecutor Margaret
Parietti told AFP.
Can’t
marry a Christian
The
girl, who arrived from Bosnia-Herzegovina two years ago with her family, had
for several months had a relationship with the young man, aged 20, of Serbian
origin who lived in the same building.
“The
two families knew each other and (their relationship) was not a problem, but
when they started talking about marriage, the girl’s parents told her: ‘We are
Muslims, you cannot marry a Christian’,” Parietti said.
The
family took away her phone and stopped her from contacting her boyfriend.
The
pair then fled for four days and on their return came to the apartment of the
girl’s family along with the boy’s parents.
“The
first blow came from the mother, then there was an outbreak of violence. She
was taken to a room and beaten. She was shaved, according to her testimony, by
her uncle — her father’s brother — while being beaten”, the prosecutor said.
The
parents of the young man said they did not dare to intervene but he left the
house to report what had happened to police, prosecutors said.
Police
arrived to find the girl had been made to hide in a room by her aunt. But she
was found and taken to hospital, the Est Republicain newspaper reported.
She
suffered a broken rib and bruises “everywhere”, in particular “at the level of
the ear”, according to Parietti.
Head-shaving
in this context has a particularly shocking context in France.
It
was the punishment after World War II meted out to thousands of women who had
relationships with Nazi occupiers.
Bosnia’s
1992-1995 inter-ethnic war pitted Muslims, Serbs and Croats against each other
and left 100,000 people dead and displaced more than two million.
https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/world/2020/08/21/muslim-family-on-trial-for-shaving-head-of-girl-over-christian-boyfriend/
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British
Schoolgirl, 16, Who Fled To Join ISIS With Her Twin Sister Is Moved To A
High-Security
By
KATE DENNETT
22
August 2020
A
young woman who fled Manchester to join Islamic State with her twin sister has
been moved to a high-security Syrian detention camp with her young son.
Twin
sisters Salma and Zahra Halane fled their home in Chorlton when they were 16
years old to travel to Syria in June 2014.
They
were described as academically gifted but were said to have become radicalised
and ran away overnight to join a so-called ISIS 'caliphate'.
But
after ISIS lost its last territory to the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in
March 2019, the fate of the two young women was unknown.
Sources
in northeast Syria have told The Telegraph that Zahra was recently caught
trying to escape from the Al Hol camp, where she had spent 16 months.
Ten
thousand foreign women and children live in Al Hol, in a crowded annex separate
from more than 55,000 Syrian and Iraqi citizens in the camp.
Last
week, Zahra was reportedly transferred out of a women's prison to a new
high-security extension to Roj camp in northeast Syria with her son Ismail, who
is thought to be four or five years old.
But
there are concerns from humanitarians that some of the most dangerous ISIS
supporters have been moved to the new extension, camp sources told The
Telegraph.
Zahra
and Salma, who have become known in Britain as the 'terror twins', remain
committed ISIS supporters, women in Al Hol camp have claimed.
Salma's
whereabouts are unknown but it is believed that she is still alive, while her
son was reportedly killed in fighting at Baghouz.
In
December 2013, Salma was caught viewing ISIS propaganda at their sixth form
college, which included images of a suicide vest, a boy with a machine gun and
a British jihadist in Syria.
The
college did not alert the police at the time because she claimed that she was
trying to find her older brother, who had previously travelled to Syria to fight.
The
twins, who have an older sister and seven brothers, left their fled their
family home having stolen £840 from their father and crossed into Syria in July
2014.
Both
young women moved to Raqqa, the capital of the caliphate, and married Islamic
State fighters.
Last
month, Russia Today Arabic interviewed an unnamed woman after she was caught
trying to escape from Al Hol camp. The Telegraph have reportedly identified the
woman as Zahra.
Speaking
Arabic, the woman said: 'I want to go back home.
'If
you have money, there are different ways [of escaping] and it happens very
fast. You can get to Turkey easily.'
Corrupt
guards and drivers have reportedly used hidden compartments inside water tanks
to smuggle people out of Al Hol and into Turkey.
A
Turkish woman who escaped from Al Hol said she knew the twins for 'over five
years', both in the Islamic State and in the camp.
Speaking
of Zahra's escape attempt, she anonymously told The Telegraph: 'I don't know
where the other one might be honestly but they left together.'
The
twins, who lived in Denmark before moving to Manchester when they were young,
are believed to have told camp authorities they want to return there.
The
UK Government is believed to have subjected the sisters to an exclusion order
and revoked their residency, according to their mother Khadra Jama.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8652903/British-schoolgirl-joined-ISIS-twin-sister-moved-high-security-Syrian-detention-camp.html
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URL: https://www.newageislam.com/islam-women-feminism/uk-based-gulnaz-mahboob-healing/d/122692